An important characteristic of gasoline is its octane rating, which is a measure of how resistant gasoline is to the abnormal combustion phenomenon known as
pre-detonation (also known as knocking, pinging, spark knock, and other names).
Deflagration is the normal type of combustion. Octane rating is measured relative to a mixture of
2,2,4-trimethylpentane (an
isomer of
octane) and n-
heptane. There are a number of different conventions for expressing the octane rating; therefore, the same fuel may be labeled with a different number, depending upon the system used.
The octane rating became important in the search for higher output powers from
aero engines in the late 1930s and the 1940s as it allowed higher
compression ratios to be used.